Understanding Risk and Reward
Every investment choice involves some degree of risk. Therefore, before making any type of investment choice, you need to understand what the risks are and how to balance them against the potential rewards.
What are the types of risk?
Capital risk: The risk that your capital won’t return intact.
Credit risk: The concern that the investment’s issuer will not be able to meet its payment. Professional management and in-depth research are invaluable when attempting to manage credit risk.
Inflation risk: If your investments cannot keep pace with inflation, your money will lose some of its purchasing power. Stock investments are generally considered among the best ways of addressing inflation risk over the long term.
Interest-rate risk: Since bond prices fall as interest rates rise, this type of risk is a concern for fixed income investors. Interest rate increases can also have a negative effect on stock investments.
Liquidity risk: Not all investments can be readily converted into cash at their perceived market values. Liquidity risk can affect the prices of securities held in the fund’s portfolio and, as a result, the fund’s share prices.
Market risk: This measures how sensitive securities are to changes in general market conditions. Remember, though, that securities that lose value quickly in market declines may also show the strongest gains in more favorable environments.
Prepayment risk: This type of risk involves the premature payoff of a loan, with a resulting loss of interest income and exposure to reinvestment risk.
Reinvestment risk: The risk you won’t be able to reinvest your capital at favorable rates.
The upside of risk:
No pain, no gain. There is no such thing as a risk-free investment. In order to build assets, you must undertake risk of one kind or another.
The greater the risk, the greater the potential reward. Greater potential reward is the price the market demands in return for undertaking greater risk. However, taking big risks does not necessarily ensure big rewards. You must know the risks and weigh them against the possible rewards.
The bottom line:
reasonable risk = reasonable reward
Choose appropriate risks (finding your sleep threshold). Know and understand the risks involved in various savings and investment vehicles. Make sure you are comfortable with the risk level of the investments you choose.
Manage risk; don’t try to escape it. Investing in funds concentrated in one investment style may limit performance or increase risk. A diversification strategy allocates money to funds in different investment styles. This reduces your chance of being left behind in a rally or dependent on the performance of one style. Invest over time to offset market fluctuations. Monitor your investments to ensure that the risk/reward parameters you have set have not changed.
Maintain a long-term horizon. Many investors recognize that holding their investment for long-term smoothes out the effects of volatility.
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